We’ve been here before
Posted by Marc Hodak on September 18, 2008 under History | 
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On Thursday, September 18, 1873, the Panic of 1873 reached crisis proportions at 11:00am on Wall Street, when H.C. Fahnstock, the New York partner of Jay Cooke (one of the leading gold market participants), announced that Cooke’s office was closed. Cooke, in his Philadelphia office, admitted it was true, and the most prominent banker in the country was suddenly bankrupt.
Robert Sobel, writing like Stephen King in Panic on Wall Street, said the “coal-black steed named Panic” quickly “thundered riderless down Wall Street,” where “a monstrous yell went up and seemed to literally shake the building in which all these mad brokers were for the moment confined.” Along with Jay Cooke, 37 other banks and two brokerage houses closed their doors on this date alone. In the ensuing days, the losses increased and the NYSE was forced to close down for over a week. With the situation growing dire, the secretary of the Treasury decided to infuse the economy with $26 million in paper money and the market eventually re-opened.
Jay Cooke failed over trying to construct a second Transcontinental Railroad, but demand could not support a second line. He was merely a symbol of gross over-speculation in land and securities, followed by the issuance of too much paper money, resulting in higher inflation. (Sound familiar?) The Panic of 1873 started with a bang, as over 5000 businesses failed in the last quarter of 1873, but the Panic lingered long, as another 5,000 failed over the next five years.
Panics hit America every 17 years, on average, for about a century, from 1819 to 1920 (in 1819, 1837, 1857, 1873, 1894, 1907 and 1920). The word “panic” aroused such a negative reaction (in 1894 and 1907) that Herbert Hoover invented a less threatening word for the 1929 event–connoting a small pothole in the road. Hoover called the 1929 panic “merely a depression.”
via: Crossing Wall Street