Yes, it can be this simple

Posted by Marc Hodak on April 28, 2014 under Pay for performance | Be the First to Comment

If I were a wheelwright, I would probably raise an eyebrow at stories like “Philadelphia man invents the wheel.”  Since I create organizational incentives for a living, that was my initial reaction to this story, via the NYT:

In August, I wrote about the design and implementation of a profit-sharing plan for my business. I decided to try this because my company has a long history of producing poor (or no) profits…

The plan began with the second quarter of 2013, and here’s how it has worked out: We made a profit in three of the four quarters that followed.

It’s easy to joke about someone reinventing the wheel, but there is a difference between creating wheel, and creating a wheel that doesn’t come off when the road gets a little rough.  A good incentive plan only gets that way after considering what, exactly, we want to motivate, and designing the plan to do that using the minimum number of moving parts needed to function effectively.  I was impressed with the way this business owner went through that process, and what he ended up with:

If there is a profit, 30 percent of it goes into a profit pool. Half of that pool is split among all of the workers except me (because I keep the other 70 percent), and the other half is split just among the production employees (everyone except the two commissioned salesmen and the bookkeeper). The splits are all even, meaning lower paid and higher paid workers get the same share. If there is no profit in a quarter, there is no payout. A loss in one quarter gets subtracted from the subsequent quarter’s profits before any bonuses are paid out — but I don’t claw back previous bonus payments if there is a loss in a subsequent quarter.

Plans like this are becoming rarer, especially at larger or public companies.  Of course, no plan is perfect.  This plan was designed to encourage teamwork and a holistic focus on the business.  I’m sure this owner will at some point get grief from his most productive people for pulling along the free riders.  And he will be dealing with morale and retention issues when the market turns against his company for more than a couple of quarters.  Whatever he does to ameliorate or prevent those problems will beget others.  That’s life.

Nevertheless, his plan is impressive.  This owner did not create sports car wheels for a motorbike, and he did not create the wheels within wheels that many compensation experts would consider “best practice.”  He just thought about what he needed to get his business to the next level, and used his authority to do it right and keep it simple.

The Growing Executive Compensation Advantage of Private Versus Public Companies

Posted by Marc Hodak on April 14, 2014 under Executive compensation, Governance | Be the First to Comment

Private companies have a natural governance advantage over public companies – one that stems mainly from the presence on their boards of their largest owners. This governance advantage is reflected in the greater effectiveness of private company executive pay plans in balancing the goals of management retention and incentive alignment against cost.

Private company investor‐directors are more likely to make these tradeoffs efficiently because they have both a much stronger interest in outcomes than public company directors and more company‐specific knowledge than public company investors. Furthermore, private company boards do not have to contend with the external scrutiny of CEO pay and the growing number of constraints on compensation that are now faced by the directors of public companies.

Such constraints focus almost entirely on one dimension of compensation governance – cost – in the belief that such constraints are required to limit the ability of directors to overpay their CEOs. In practice, any element of compensation can serve to improve retention or alignment, as well as being potentially costly to shareholders. Furthermore, any proscribed compensation element can be “worked around” by plan designers, provided the company is willing to deal with the complexity. For this reason, rules intended to deter excessive CEO pay are now effectively forcing even well‐intentioned public company boards to adopt suboptimal or overly complex compensation plans, while doing little to prevent “captured” boards from overpaying CEOs.

As a result, it is increasingly difficult for public companies to put in place the kinds of simple, powerful, and efficient incentive plans that are typically seen at private companies – plans that often feature bonuses funded by an uncapped share of profit growth, or upfront “mega‐grants” of stock options with service‐based vesting.

All of this is detailed in my newest article published in the Journal of Applied Corporate Finance.